Robotics and autonomous unmanned systems transform the defence industry

During the World Defense Show, Massimilla addressed the importance and benefits of robotics and autonomous systems in the defence industry, outlining the key challenges and opportunities associated with their integration. He delivered his presentation to an elite audience of excellencies and defence industry experts during the Future Defence Forum.

“Rapid advancements in the integration of robotics and autonomous unmanned systems are transforming the defence industry,” said Massimilla. “Such technologies are no longer a futuristic concept but a tangible force, poised to reshape operational strategies, demand new skillsets, and foster a new era of collaboration and innovation.”

He compared the industry’s transition toward autonomous systems to his own personal career: “My career move from the automotive industry to defence is in a way similar to what's happening with robotics and autonomous systems moving from the commercial world into the defence industry. And it's happening at breakneck speed.”

The shift towards autonomous systems represents a fundamental change in how defence operations are conducted. Powered by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), sensor technology, and ubiquitous connectivity, these systems are now capable of performing a widening range of tasks, from reconnaissance and surveillance to logistics and other critical support functions, requiring minimal human intervention.

Emphasising how monumental this shift is Massimilla said: "Thanks to the advancement of AI …the capabilities we are talking about today have gone from being nice to have to being need to have. As members of the defence industry, we have a responsibility, even an obligation, to provide our customers with technologically advanced, highly integrated capabilities.”

Massimilla added that several key attributes are enabling this transformation, redefining the way defence systems are designed, operated, and maintained.

“Connectivity ensures seamless information sharing and collaboration across all defence elements for effective operations,” he explained. “Autonomy enhances efficiency and effectiveness by enabling systems to perform tasks independently, freeing up personnel for more strategic roles. Adaptability allows systems to quickly adjust to changing conditions and emerging challenges, maintaining a technological advantage. Finally, supportability guarantees long-term maintenance and upgrades to ensure the continued effectiveness of these advanced systems.”

In his presentation, Massimilla identified challenges faced when integrating robotics and autonomous systems into existing defence infrastructure and how to address them.

“First and foremost, interoperability is crucial — ensuring that autonomous systems can seamlessly communicate and collaborate with existing platforms and allied partners is essential for effective operations.  Militaries around the world are developing systems that often do not work well with the systems used by their allies. Think of the benefits that could be realised if there were a greater synchronisation of efforts.

“Exploring modular designs, leveraging commercial off-the-shelf components, and optimising resource allocation to balance performance with affordability is necessary for widespread adoption,” said Massimilla.

“Furthermore, building trust in autonomous systems is paramount. Overcoming the skepticism surrounding these technologies requires rigorous testing, validation, and ongoing human oversight. "One of the inherent challenges in the integration and adoption of robotic and intelligent systems is the trust that humans have in machines. A lack of confidence can result in the under-utilisation of these technologies."

He added: Lastly, ensuring safety and security is of utmost importance, an area where the defence industry can follow lessons learned from the commercial industry. Protecting autonomous systems from cyber threats to ensure safe and reliable operations can be accomplished by implementing robust cybersecurity measures, incorporating redundancy and fail-safe mechanisms, and adhering to strict safety protocols.”

Stressing General Dynamics' commitment to a collaborative ecosystem, Massimilla said: “We work to collaborate with our customers, industry and academia, to stay at the leading edge of technology. We also ensure that the safety and security of our customers remain a top priority. And finally, we determine how to integrate breakthrough technologies into our innovative platforms."

A collaborative spirit is essential for unlocking the transformative potential of robotics in defences as Massimilla noted: "Robotics have the potential to completely transform the defence industry. We are up for that challenge. Let's work together to share new ideas and perspectives about the value and use of our autonomous systems.

“In conclusion, as robotics and autonomous systems revolutionise the defence industry, they present both unprecedented opportunities and complex challenges. By embracing innovation, fostering collaboration, and prioritising responsible development, stakeholders can unlock the full potential of these technological advancements and shape a future where defence systems are more effective, efficient, and secure.”